Very-low calorie diet: A person following a VLCD eats or drinks a commercially prepared formula that has 800 calories or less instead of eating food. Type 2 diabetes: Previously known as “noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” NIDDM or “adult-onset diabetes.” Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery Surgery on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient with extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss method used for people who have a body mass index BMI above 40. Diabetes Mellitus A disease that occurs when the body is not able to use blood glucose sugar. Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin a hormone in the body that helps move glucose sugar from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Fat A major source of energy in the diet. All food fats have 9 calories per gram. Trans fatty acids: A fat that is produced when liquid fat oil is turned into solid fat through a chemical process called hydrogenation Insulin A hormone in the body that helps move glucose sugar from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Protein One of the three nutrients that provides calories to the body. Pancreas A gland that makes enzymes that help the body break down and use nutrients in food. Calorie A unit of energy in food. Foods have carbohydrates proteins and fats.